QLogic FC Target Driver How-to for 22xx/23xx/24xx/25xx/26xx Adapters

How to Configure the FC QLogic Target Driver for 22xx/23xx/24xx/25xx/26xx Adapters

TARGET SYSTEM

Look up the model numbers of the FC HBA and of the FC HBA RISC controller. If it is not easy to access the label printed on the HBA, one way to look up these model numbers is as follows:

[root@proj ]# dmesg -c >/dev/null
[root@proj ]# rmmod qla2xxx
[root@proj ]# modprobe qla2xxx
[root@proj ]# dmesg | grep -E 'qla2xxx .* QLogic | Found an ISP'
qla2xxx [0000:01:00.0]-001d: Found an ISP2532 irq 16 iobase 0xffffc9000413e000.
qla2xxx [0000:01:00.0]-00fb:164: QLogic QLE2562 - PCI-Express Dual Channel 8Gb Fibre Channel HBA.
qla2xxx [0000:01:00.1]-001d: Found an ISP2532 irq 17 iobase 0xffffc9000417c000.
qla2xxx [0000:01:00.1]-00fb:165: QLogic QLE2562 - PCI-Express Dual Channel 8Gb Fibre Channel HBA.

The above information not only contains the HBA model number (QLE2562) but also the RISC controller ID (ISP2532).

(Optional) Download the Linux version of the QConvergeConsoleCLI software package from http://driverdownloads.qlogic.com/ and install that software package.
Download the appropriate firmware for your QLogic card from http://driverdownloads.qlogic.com/. It is strongly recommended to use firmware version 5.x or higher for 24xx/25xx adapters. More information about this subject can be found in the following e-mail thread: Vladislav Bolkhovitin and Artur Piechocki, FC session gets closed with qla2x00t, scst-devel mailing list, January 2010.

If no firmware image is available when the QLogic kernel module is loaded, the following error message will appear in the system log (/var/log/messages or /var/log/syslog):
```
qla2xxx 0000:13:00.0: Firmware image unavailable.
qla2xxx 0000:13:00.0: Failed to initialize adapter
```

Copy the firmware image (.BIN) file to the /lib/firmware directory and rename it such that the kernel driver can find it. The file name that should be used for the firmware file depends on the RISC controller ID:

ISP Model	Firmware file name
ISP 21XX	ql2100_fw.bin
ISP 22XX	ql2200_fw.bin
ISP 2300	ql2300_fw.bin
ISP 2322	ql2322_fw.bin
ISP 24XX	ql2400_fw.bin
ISP 25XX	ql2500_fw.bin
ISP 2031	ql2600_fw.bin
ISP 27XX	ql2700_fw.bin

Update the firmware image in the HBA. Although the QLogic kernel driver is able to load the firmware from /lib/firmware, QLogic recommends to update the firmware image that resides in the HBA (see also Quinn Tran, Re: [ANNOUNCE]: qla2x00t QLogic git integration into the SCST build tree, scst-devel mailing list, September 5, 2014). An example:
```
[root@proj ]# /opt/QLogic_Corporation/QConvergeConsoleCLI/qaucli -fc -b all /lib/firmware/ql2500_fw.bin
```
Install the necessary kernel development packages. On a Debian system these packages can be installed as follows:
```
[root@proj ]# apt-get install gcc linux-headers-`uname -r` lsscsi patch subversion
```
On RHEL/CentOS/SL systems these packages can be installed as follows:
```
[root@proj ]# yum install gcc kernel-devel lsscsi patch subversion
```
And on SUSE systems these packages can be installed by running the following command:
```
[root@proj ]# zypper install gcc kernel-devel lsscsi patch subversion
```
Download the SCST source code. That source code can be downloaded either from the SCST downloads page or from the SCST Subversion source code repository.

In what follows it is assumed that the SCST trunk has been retrieved via Subversion. Installing a released SCST version is identical to installing the trunk after all downloaded SCST source code archives have been extracted in a single directory. The structure of that directory will be identical to that of the SCST trunk.
```
[root@proj ]# svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/scst/svn/trunk scst
```
After the above command finished a directory called 'scst' will have been created in the current directory, which is /root in this how-to.
If you want to use the latest QLogic SCST target driver from the QLogic git, use the driver from the qla2x00t-32gbit directory. Please note that this driver has not yet reached the same maturity level as the driver in the qla2x00t directory.

Unload the qla2xxx kernel module provided by your Linux distribution and blacklist it:

[root@proj ]# echo blacklist qla2xxx >/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-qla2xxx.conf
[root@proj ]# rmmod qla2xxx

Select a build mode that suits your needs, e.g. optimal performance or debugging SCST. The default mode is debug mode. Here is how to switch to release mode:
```
[root@proj scst ]# pwd
/root/scst
[root@proj scst ]# make 2release
```

Now build the SCST kernel modules. But first verify that the link "/lib/modules/`uname -r`/build" points to the kernel headers of the currently running kernel. Build and install SCST, e.g. as follows:

[root@proj ]# cd /root/scst
[root@proj scst ]# BUILD_2X_MODULE=y CONFIG_SCSI_QLA_FC=y CONFIG_SCSI_QLA2XXX_TARGET=y make all install

Verify that compilation and installation succeeded:

[root@proj scst]# ls -l /lib/modules/`uname -r`/extra/qla2*
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  36756 Jun 20 18:46 qla2x00tgt.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 160192 Jun 20 18:46 qla2xxx_scst.ko

Insert the kernel modules.
The kernel modules have been installed in '/lib/modules/`your_kernel_version`/extra'.
In addition, scst.h, scst_debug.h as well as Module.symvers or Modules.symvers have been copied to '/usr/local/include/scst'.
The first file contains all SCST's public interfaces used by target drivers. The other files allow target drivers to generate debug messages and support the kernel module build process.

[root@proj scst]# ls -l /lib/modules/`uname -r`/extra
total 232
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Jun 20 18:43 dev_handlers
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  36756 Jun 20 18:46 qla2x00tgt.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 160192 Jun 20 18:46 qla2xxx_scst.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 190848 Jun 20 18:43 scst.ko

[root@proj scst]# ls -l /lib/modules/`uname -r`/extra/dev_handlers
total 192
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 11757 Jun 20 18:43 scst_cdrom.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 10111 Jun 20 18:43 scst_changer.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 12420 Jun 20 18:43 scst_disk.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 12449 Jun 20 18:43 scst_modisk.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 10131 Jun 20 18:43 scst_processor.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 10081 Jun 20 18:43 scst_raid.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 12563 Jun 20 18:43 scst_tape.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 37937 Jun 20 18:43 scst_user.ko
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 50194 Jun 20 18:43 scst_vdisk.ko

where:

scst - SCST itself.
scst_disk - device handler for disks (type 0).
scst_tape - device handler for tapes (type 1).
scst_processor - device handler for processors (type 3).
scst_cdrom - device handler for CDROMs (type 5).
scst_modisk - device handler for MO disks (type 7).
scst_changer - device handler for medium changers (type 8).
scst_raid - device handler for storage array controller (e.g. raid) (type C).
scst_vdisk - device handler for virtual disks (file, device or ISO CD image)..
scst_user - user space device handler.

You can insert any of these kernel modules with the 'modprobe' program. As you can see, I've inserted all SCST kernel modules !!!

[root@proj ]# for m in scst qla2xxx_scst qla2x00tgt scst_vdisk scst_user scst_disk ...; do modprobe $m; done

This will result in the following dmesg output:

scst: SCST version 2.0.0 loaded successfully (max mem for commands 16251MB, per device 6500MB)
scst: Enabled features: TRACING
scst: Target template qla2x00tgt registered successfully
scst: Virtual device handler vdisk for type 0 registered successfully
scst: Virtual device handler "scst_user" registered successfully

Back up and rebuild the initial RAM disk such that the qla2xxx kernel module in that RAM disk will be replaced by qla2xxx_scst. How to do this depends on your Linux distribution. The initial RAM disk can be rebuilt e.g. as follows:

[root@proj ]# type update-initrd >/dev/null 2>&1 && update-initrd -c -k `uname -r`
[root@proj ]# type update-initramfs >/dev/null 2>&1 && update-initramfs -c -k `uname -r`
[root@proj ]# if type mkinitrd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
if { rpm -q sles-release || rpm -q openSUSE-release; } >/dev/null 2>&1;
then mkinitrd; else mkinitrd -f /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`; fi; fi

Now let's create our virtual device:

[root@proj ]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/disk1 bs=1024k count=512
512+0 records in
512+0 records out

[root@proj ]# ls -l /mnt/disk1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 536870912 Jun 23 13:27 /mnt/disk1

[root@proj ]# file /mnt/disk1
/mnt/disk1: data

The next step is to install scstadmin:

[root@proj ]# make -C scstadmin -s install

Initiator and target modes

The qla2xxx_scst module has parameter "qlini_mode", which determines when initiator mode will be enabled.
Possible values:
- "exclusive" (default) - initiator mode will be enabled on load, disabled on enabling target mode and then on disabling target mode enabled back.
- "disabled" - initiator mode will never be enabled.
- "dual" - initiator mode will be enabled. Target mode can be activated when ready (only qla2x00t-32gbit).
- "enabled" - initiator mode will always stay enabled.
Usage of mode "disabled" is recommended, if you have incorrectly functioning your target's initiators, which if once seen a port in initiator mode, later refuse to see it as a target.

qla2x00t (old qlogic driver):

Use mode "enabled" if you need your QLA adapters to work in both initiator and target modes at the same time.
You can always see which modes are currently active in active_mode sysfs attribute.
In all the modes you can at any time use sysfs attribute ini_mode_force_reverse to force enable or disable initiator mode on any particular port. Setting this attribute to 1 will reverse current status of the initiator mode from enabled to disabled and vice versa.

qla2x00t-32gbit (new qlogic driver):

Use mode "dual" if you need your QLA adapters to work in both initiator and target modes at the same time. In this mode, each qlogic host has individual qlini_mode, ql2xexchoffld, ql2xiniexchg attributes that can be changed dynamically.
For example, you can change qlini_mode to "disabled" for specific qlogic host:
```
echo "disabled" > /sys/devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:81:00.0/host1/scsi_host/host1/qlini_mode
```

To see the device on the initiator we have to add it in the LUNs set of our target.
We must have a LUN with number 0 (LUs numeration must not start from, e.g., 1).

The simplest way to do that is to generate an scstadmin config file, e.g. as follows:

modprobe qla2x00tgt
find /sys/kernel/scst_tgt/targets/qla2x00t -name enabled | \
while read f; do echo 1 >$f & done; wait
find /sys -name issue_lip | while read f; do echo 1 >$f & done; wait
{
cat <<EOF
HANDLER vdisk_fileio {
        DEVICE disk1 {
                filename /mnt/disk1
        }
}
EOF
for p in /sys/kernel/scst_tgt/targets/qla2x00t/*; do
[ -d $p ] || continue
cat <<EOF

TARGET_DRIVER qla2x00t {
        TARGET $(basename $p) {
                enabled 1

                LUN 0 disk1
        }
}
EOF
done
} >scst.conf

Check the generated config file. If it looks fine to you, move it to the default location:

mv -i scst.conf /etc/scst.conf

The SCST configuration in that file can be applied via scstadmin:

[root@proj ]# scstadmin -config /etc/scst.conf

Collecting current configuration: done.

-> Checking configuration file 'qq' for errors.
	-> Done, 0 warnings found.

	-> Opening device 'disk1' using handler 'vdisk_fileio': done.
	-> Adding device 'disk1' at LUN 0 to driver/target 'qla2x00t/25:00:00:f0:98:87:92:f3': done.
	-> Enabling driver/target 'qla2x00t/25:00:00:f0:98:87:92:f3': done.

	All done.

The same can be done directly via the sysfs interface of SCST:

[root@proj ]# echo "add_device disk1 filename=/mnt/disk1" >/sys/kernel/scst_tgt/handlers/vdisk_fileio/mgmt
[root@proj ]# echo "add disk1 0" >/sys/kernel/scst_tgt/targets/qla2x00t/25:00:00:f0:98:87:92:f3/luns/mgmt
[root@proj ]# echo "1" >/sys/kernel/scst_tgt/targets/qla2x00t/25:00:00:f0:98:87:92:f3/enabled

If you want to configure LUN masking the next step is to configure one initiator group per initiator. To do that you need to discover the initiator port WWNs. One way to discover these is as follows:
```
[root@proj ]# ls -d /sys/kernel/scst_tgt/targets/qla2x00t/*/sessions/*|sed 's,.*/,,' | sort -u
10:00:00:00:c9:95:c7:1a
10:00:00:00:c9:95:c7:1b
21:00:00:24:ff:46:c0:84
21:00:00:24:ff:46:c0:85
21:00:00:24:ff:6c:ca:d8
21:00:00:24:ff:6c:ca:d9
21:00:00:24:ff:6c:ca:da
21:00:00:24:ff:6c:ca:db
```
More information about initiator group configuration together with an example can be found in the scst.conf man page.

INITIATOR SYSTEM

A quote from the SCST README:
Without loading appropriate device handler, corresponding device will be invisible for remote initiators, hence we have to add them manually.
But as I've already loaded the device handler (scst_vdisk) on the target, I don't have to perform any additional steps.
After enabling the target mode on the target, to see new targets and devices on the initiator you need have to trigger a rescan on the initiator. That is possible either by rebooting the initiator or by unloading and reloading the initiator kernel module. Automatic discovery isn't supported by all known initiators, so you need a way to make SCSI subsystem on the initiator to do the new devices discovery and hence be able to see the new devices attached. Alternatively, if your initiator already connected to the target and you simply added new devices to it, you can try to run a manual rescan as follows:
```
[root@initiator ]# echo "- - -" >/sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan
```
where X is the host number.